Deciphering Mycelium
Mycelium, essentially the digestive tract of fungi, is the key to mushroom growth. It seeks and processes nutrients, making them accessible for absorption by the fungus. This activity results in a byproduct that enriches the soil, producing a nutrient-rich biomass that serves as an outstanding gardening mulch.
Beyond their contribution to mushroom development, mycelium networks also play a crucial role in the health and growth of many terrestrial plants, including trees. For example, tree roots and fungi have a mutually beneficial relationship: the tree offers sugars as a carbon source to the fungus, which in turn provides the tree with essential minerals like nitrogen and phosphorus. More information on this symbiotic relationship can be found here.
Fascinatingly, mycelium networks function as a subterranean communication system among plants, comparable to our brains’ neural networks. Recent studies indicate that plants and trees might have rudimentary nervous systems that fungi could potentially manipulate, influencing processes such as communication, memory, and learning. Mycelium also improves soil health by decomposing organic matter and neutralizing any pollutants in the soil.
If you’re keen on growing magic mushrooms, a solid understanding of how mycelium develops is essential. While the cultivation process may seem daunting for beginners, acquiring knowledge about mycelium is a crucial initial step. Although you can always purchase mushrooms from Buy Mushrooms Online Canada online, gaining insight into mycelium can greatly enrich your cultivation journey.
Mycelium’s Growth Process
Upon encountering a growth-friendly environment, fungal spores begin to form mycelium in two stages. The first stage, known as primary or monokaryotic mycelium, is characterized by a single nucleus in each cell and is typically invisible to the naked eye. The second stage, referred to as secondary or dikaryotic mycelium, is visible and contains two nuclei per cell.
When fungal spores germinate, they start to form the primary mycelium, also known as the monokaryotic mycelium. The monokaryotic mycelium can merge with another compatible one to form a secondary stage called the dikaryotic mycelium. This dikaryotic mycelium is capable of producing mushrooms or sclerotia.
Mycelium Types
There are three types of mycelia, two of which are signs of successful cultivation.
- Rhizomorphic mycelia grow out like strings. Made up of units called hyphae, rhizomorphic mycelia are easy to identify. The network of grouped hyphae, known as rhizomorphs, spreads first, sending chemical signals back to the colony to indicate that the area ahead is good for nutrient provision. The rest of the mycelia then follow. The hyphae at the tip release peroxidase, a substance that breaks down the material in front for food. This spreads the nutrients throughout the colony. This type of mycelia is popular among cultivators because it increases the likelihood of mushroom production as it sprouts from the substrate.
- Tomentose, or “Fluffy” mycelia, are similar to Rhizomorphic mycelia, but the arrangement of the fluffy mycelia strands is unique. They may not be immediately noticeable, but they are there. Their cotton-ball-like look shows that the strands are clustered together. The type of mycelia that develops, whether tomentose or rhizomorphic, largely depends on the growing environment. Cultivators often discuss whether the type of mycelia affects the growth rate or the harvest abundance.
- Aerial mycelia develop when the growing conditions are not optimal. In such cases, the mycelia tend to grow outward instead of spreading across the medium or forming a ball. Often mistaken for a bacterial infection, this type of mycelia can interfere with your mushroom cultivation, resulting in smaller, weaker mushrooms. Aerial mycelia usually occur due to a lack of fresh air exchange and too much humidity.
Is it Mould or Mycelium?
It’s vital to distinguish between mould and mycelium. If you notice green, blue, grey, or black patches on or inside your fruiting box, it’s likely contaminated. Discolouration is the main sign. However, blue spots can sometimes just be bruises.
Cobweb moulds are usually quite noticeable. Instead of the bright The Mycelium is naturally white but usually appears as a shade of grey and has a fibrous, fluffy texture. Although cobweb and green moulds do not pose a threat to human health, they can significantly impact the well-being of your mushrooms.
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